Software Engineering Readings

Warning: the only mechanism we use to compose this list is to gather information submitted by people around the net, post it regularly, and incorporate feedback. All evaluations are the opinions of those who submitted them; your mileage may vary. Send comments to dalamb@qucis.queensu.ca (David Alex Lamb).

Topics include:

Textbooks

The first 8 items are Hal Render's original list in his rough order of preference.

1. Software Engineering: The Production of Quality Software by Shari Pfleeger, 2nd Edition, Macmillan, 1991, ISBN 0-02-395115-X. hsrender@happy.colorado.edu: Like #2&#3, had the best explanations of what I want to cover (different engineering lifecycles, methods, and tools).
2. Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach by Roger Pressman, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1987, ISBN 0-07-050783-X (3rd edition available fall 1991).
   hsrender@happy.colorado.edu: Like #1&#3, had the best explanations of what I want to cover (different engineering lifecycles, methods, and tools).
   robb@iotek.uucp (Robb Swanson): The definitive book on the subject as far as I'm concerned.
   johnson@aplcen.apl.jhu.edu (Michelle Johnson): A good text book as well as reference.
3. Software Systems Engineering by Andrew Sage and James D. Palmer.
   hsrender@happy.colorado.edu: Like #1&#2, had the best explanations of what I want to cover (different engineering lifecycles, methods, and tools).
4. Fundamentals of Software Engineering by Ghezzi, Jayazeri and Mandrioli, Prentice-Hall, 1991
   hsrender@happy.colorado.edu: Like #5, good, and covered the issue of specifications and verification better, but at the expense of other aspects of the development process. I may use one of them for a graduate course in software engineering.
   nancy@murphy.ICS.UCI.EDU (Nancy Leveson): Better than Sommerville, although I like much of Sommerville.
5. Software Engineering with Abstractions by Valdis Berzins and Luqi, Addison Wesley, 1991, 624 pages.
   hsrender@happy.colorado.edu: Like #4, good, and covered the issue of specifications and verification better, but at the expense of other aspects of the development process. I may use one of them for a graduate course in software engineering.
   straub@cs.UMD.EDU (Pablo A. Straub): Both this and #9 have a good emphasis on using formal techniques (i.e., doing engineering properly), but they do not disregard informal methods; chapters are roughly organized around the traditional lifecycle. #5 is longer and can be used in a two-term sequence or for graduate students (it's possible to use it in a one-term undergrad course by covering only part of the material). One thing I like is that management and validation is given in all chapters, so that these activities are integrated into the development process. Emphasizes the use of formally specified abstractions. Uses the authors' specification language (Spec) to develop a project in Ada.
6. Software Engineering by Ian Sommerville, Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-17568-1
   hsrender@happy.colorado.edu: Our current text, and my basic problem with it is the vague way it covers many of the topics.
7. Software Engineering with Student Project Guidance by Barbara Mynatt
   hsrender@happy.colorado.edu: Like #8, not bad, but fairly low-level and doesn't cover many tools and techniques I consider valuable.
8. Software Engineering by Roger Jones
   hsrender@happy.colorado.edu: Like #7, not bad, but fairly low-level and doesn't cover many tools and techniques I consider valuable.
9. Software Engineering: Planning for Change by David Alex Lamb, Prentice-Hall, 1988, 298 pages.
   straub@cs.UMD.EDU (Pablo A. Straub): Both this and #5 have a good emphasis on using formal techniques (i.e., doing engineering properly), but they do not disregard informal methods; chapters are roughly organized around the traditional lifecycle. #9 has the advantage of being shorter, yet covering most relevant topics (lifecycle phases, formal specs, v&v, configurations, management, etc.). It is very appropriate for an undergrad course. It emphasizes that maintenance is a given and should be taken into account (hence the title). Several specification techniques are covered and used to develop a project in Pascal.
10. A Practical Handbook for Software Development by N.D. Birrell and M.A. Ould, Cambridge University Press, 1985/88. ISBN 0-521-34792-0 (Paper cover); ISBN 0-521-25462-0 (Hard cover).
    ewoods@hemel.bull.co.uk (Eoin Woods):
11. Fundamentals of Computing for Software Engineers by Eric S. Chan & Murat M. Tanik, Van Nostrand Reinhold.
    kayaalp@csvax.seas.smu.edu (Mehmet M. Kayaalp MD):
12. Software Engineering, 2nd Edition, by Stephen R. Schach, Aksen Associates (ISBN 0-256-12998-3); also Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1993.
13. Practical Software Engineering by Stephen R. Schach, Aksen Associates and Richard D. Irwin Inc. (ISBN 0-256-11455-2), 1992. Advertised as sophomore through senior level, emphasizing teams, maintenance, reuse, CASE tools.

Periodicals on Software Engineering

Professional Journals

1. IEEE Software
   summary: often presents recent research work, but much more readably than typical research journals.
   publisher: IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)
   subscriptions: IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA
2. Software Engineering Notes
   summary: unrefereed newsletter; includes digest of comp.risks
   publisher: ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) SIGSOFT (Special Interest Group on Software engineering)
   subscriptions: ACM, 11 West 42d St, New York, NY 10036, USA
3. Software Maintenance News
   summary: monthly report on people and technology in maintenance; aimed at practitioners
   publisher: Software Maintenance News Inc, B10 Suite 237, 4546 El Camino Real, Los Altos, CA 94022, USA
   subscriptions: as above
4. Software Testing, Verification and Reliability
   summary: aimed at practitioners; dissemination of new techniques, methodologies and standards
   publisher: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 1UD, UK
5. The Software Practitioner (TSP)
   summary: started late 1990; meant for real practitioners
   publisher: Computing Trends, 1416 Sare Rd., Bloomington IN 47401 USA; voice/fax: 812-337-8047

Mixed Research and Practice

1. Journal of Software Maintenance: Research and Practice
   summary: refereed; intended for both researchers and practitioners; joint US/UK editorial board
   publisher: Wiley (see above)
   subscriptions: Journals Subscription Department, at above address
2. Software Engineering Journal (SEJ)
   summary: full spectrum of articles from practical experience to long-term research
   publisher: IEE (Institution of Electrical Engineers) and BCS (British Computer Society); write to IEE Publication Sales, PO Box 96, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2SD, United Kingdom.
3. Software: Practice and Experience
   summary: not always software engineering; good reputation for practice
   publisher: Wiley (see above)
4. The Software Quality Journal
   summary: academic research and industrial case studies and experience
   publisher: Chapman & Hall, Journals Promotion Department, North America:29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001-2291, USA. Europe: 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, UK

Research Journals

1. Information and Software Technology (IST)
   summary: broad spectrum, much software engineering, software process, but also computer science topics.
   publisher: Butterworth-Heineman, Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford, UK
2. Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE)
   summary: main software engineering research journal
   publisher: IEEE (see above)
3. Transaction on Software Engineering Methodology (TOSEM)
   summary: first issue dated January 1992; not enough track record for an opinon yet.
   publisher: Association for Computing Machinery
4. Journal of Systems and Software
   summary: meant to be more practitioner-oriented than other research journals
   publisher: Elsevier

Other magazines

1. Software
   summary: "For Managers of Enterprise-Wide Software Resources" primarily aimed at Management Information Systems (MIS) world
   publisher: Sentry Publishing Company, Inc, 1900 West Park Drive, Westborough, MA 01581, (508) 366-2031
2. Testing Techniques Newsletter
   summary: E-mailed on a monthly basis to support the publisher's customers and to provide information of general use to the testing community.
   publisher: Software Research, Inc., 625 Third Street, San Francisco, CA 94107-1997; Phone: (415) 957-1441; Toll Free: (800) 942-SOFT; FAX: (415) 957-0730; E-MAIL: ttn@soft.com.

Other sources of information

Software Quality Engineering has a publication division called Single Source, Publications, Books, and Information for Software Practitioners and Managers:

    Software Quality Engineering -- Single Source
    3000-2 Hartley Road
    Jacksonville, FL 32257
    (904) 268-8639
    FAX (904) 268-0733
    TOLL FREE 1-800-423-8378

General reading for software engineers

Summary: responses to "what should every software engineering have read?"

General

1. Read about 100 pages of comp.risks
2. Frederick P. Brooks, Jr., The Mythical Man-Month, Addison Wesley, 1978. ISBN 0-201-00650-2
3. The anecdotal books of Robert L. Glass, from Computing Trends, P.O.Box 213, State College, PA 16804, including: "Tales of Computing Folk: Hot Dogs and Mixed Nuts", "The Universal Elixir and other Computing Projects Which Failed", "The Second Coming: More Computing Projects Which Failed", "The Power of Peonage", "Computing Catastrophes", "Computing Shakeout", "Software Folklore"
4. Paul W. Oman & Ted G. Lewis, Milestones in Software Evolution, IEEE Computing Society, ISBN 0-8186-9033-X.
5. J.A. McDermid (editor), Software Engineer's Reference Book, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1991. ISBN No: 0 750 61040 9. Focuses on the foundations, and subject matter that is not volatile. The book is divided into three major parts: Theory and Mathematics; Methods, Techniques, and Technology; Principles of Applications. For a beginner, the first two parts are indispensible. It does not provide details of current research, but points an interested reader to the right sources.

Programming in the large

1. Grady Booch, Software Engineering with Ada, second edition, Benjamin/Cummings, 1987
2. Bertrand Meyer, Object-Oriented Software Construction, Prentice-Hall, 1988.
3. David L. Parnas, On the Criteria to be Used in Decomposing Systems into Modules, Communications of the ACM 15,2 (December 1972).

Programming in the small

1. Jon Louis Bentley, Writing Efficient Programs, Prentice-Hall, 1982.
2. Jon Bentley, Programming Pearls, Addison-Wesley, 1986.
3. Jon Bentley, More Programming Pearls, Addison-Wesley, 1988.
4. O.-J. Dahl, E.W. Dijkstra, C.A.R. Hoare, Structured Programming, Academic Press, 1972.
5. Brian W. Kernighan, and P.J. Plauger, Software Tools, Addison-Wesley, 1976.
6. Brian W. Kernighan & P.J. Plauger, The Elements of Programming Style, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1978. ISBN 0-07-034207-5.

Mathematical Approaches

1. Edsger W. Dijkstra, A Discipline of Programming, Prentice-Hall, 1976.
2. E.W.Dijkstra. Selected writings on computing: a personal perspective. Springer Verlag, 1982.
3. David Gries (editor), Programming methodology. A collection of articles by members of IFIP Working Group 2.3. Springer Verlag, 1978.

Other

1. Daniel P. Freedman and Gerald M. Weinberg, Handbook of Walkthoughs, Inspections and Technical Reviews, 3rd edition Dorset House Publishing, 1990, ISBN 0-932633-19-6. Originally published by Little, Brown & Company, 1982: ISBN 0-316-292826.
2. Tom Gilb, Principles of Software Engineering Management, Addison-Wesley, 1988, ISBN 0-201-19246-2
3. Glenford J. Myers, The Art of Software Testing, Wiley, 1979.
4. Herb Simon, The Sciences of the Artificial, Second Edition, MIT Press, 1981
5. Gerald M. Weinberg, The Psychology of Computer Programming, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1971. ISBN 0-442-29264-3

Cost Estimation

1. Lawrence Putnam and Ware Myers, "MEASURES FOR EXCELLENCE: Reliable Software on Time, Within Budget," Prentice-Hall, 1992, ISBN 0-13-567694-0. Suggested in Fall 1995 as the current standard by several correspondents. Constrains solutions to those that meet the user's objectives, such as cost, schedule, staff available, quality.
2. Barry W. Boehm, Software Engineering Economics, Prentice-Hall, 1981. This used to be the standard; it introduced the COCOMO model.

Formal Specification

See also the comp.specification.z FAQ.

1. J.M.Spivey. "Understanding Z: a specification language and its formal semantics". Cambridge University Press, 1988.
2. David Lightfoot. "Formal Specification Using Z". MacMillan, 1991, ISBN 0-333-54408-0. A clear introduction to Z and the discrete mathematics that underlies it.
3. B.Potter, J.Sinclair & D.Till. "An introduction to formal specification and Z". Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science, 1991.
4. D.Bjorner & C.B.Jones. "Formal Specification & Software Development", Prentice-Hall International Series in Computer Science, 1980.
5. N.Gehani & A.D.McGettrick (eds). "Software Specification Techniques", Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1986
6. I. van Horebeek & J.Lewi. "Algebraic Specifications in Software Engineering", Springer Verlag, 1989.
7. J.Bergstra, P.Klint & J.Heering. "Algebraic Specification", ACM Frontier Press Series. The ACM Press in co-operation with Addison-Wesley, 1989.
8. J.Wing. "A specifiers introduction to formal methods", IEEE Computer 23(9):8-24, 1990.
9. Prehn & Soetenel (eds). "Formal Software Development Methods, VDM'91", LNCS 551 and 552, Springer-Verlag.

Metrics

Metrics - General

Thanks especially to Horst Zuse, who sent his extensive bibliography on metrics. He has an extensive database with over 500 entries on metrics; contact ZUSE%DB0TUI11.BITNET@vm.gmd.de.

1. David N. Card and Robert L. Glass. Measuring Software Design Quality Prentice Hall, Engewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1990
2. S.D. Conte, H.E. Dunsmore, V.Y. Shen. Software Engineering Metrics and Models. Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Menlo Park, 1984 ISBN: 0-8053-2162-4
3. Tom DeMarco. Controlling Software Projects: Management, Measurement and Estimation. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1982
4. T.Denvir, R.Herman and R.Whitty (Eds.). Proceedings of the International BCS-FACS Workshop: Formal Aspects of Measurement, May 5, 1991, South Bank Polytechnic, London, UK, Series edited by Professor C.J. van Rijsbergen, ISBN 3-540-19788-5. Springer Publisher, 1992, 259 pages.
5. Reiner Dumke. Softwareentwicklung nach Ma`s - Sch`atzen - Messen - Bewerten, Vieweg Verlag, 1992.
6. Lem Ejiogu. Software Engineering with Formal Metrics. QED Information Sciences, 1991
7. N.E. Fenton, (Editor). Software Metrics: A Rigorous Approach, 1991 United Kingdom: Chapman & Hall, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, ISBN 0-412-40440-0. United States: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 115 5th Avenue, New York NY 10003, ISBN 0-442-31355-1.
8. Robert B. Grady and Deborah L. Caswell. Software Metrics: Establishing a Company- Wide Program, Prentice-Hall, 1987, ISBN 0-13-821844-7
9. Robert B. Grady. Practical Software Metrics for Project Management and Process Improvement. Prentice Hall 1992 ISBN 0-13-720384-5
10. M.H. Halstead. Elements of Software Science. New York, Elsevier North-Holland, 1977
11. S. Henry, D. Kafura, "Software Structure Metrics Based on Information Flow", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol.SE-7, No.5, September 1981.
12. IEEE. Standard Dictionary of Measures to Produce Reliable Software. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 345 East 47th Street, New York. IEEE Standards Board, 1989
13. IEEE. Guide for the Use of Standard Dictionary of Measures to Produce Reliable Software. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc 345 East 47th Street, New York. IEEE Standard Board, Corrected Edition, October 23, 1989
14. T.J. McCabe, A Complexity Measure, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, VOL. SE-2, NO. 4, Dec. 1976.
15. Alan Perlis, Frederick Sayward, Mary Shaw. Software Metrics: An Analysis and Evaluation. The MIT Press, 1981
16. V.Y. Shen, S.D. Conte, H.E. Dunsmore, Software Science Revisited: A Critical Analysis of the Theory and Its Empirical Support, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. SE-9, No. 2, March 1983. Abstract: a critical evaluation of Halstead's software science metric.
17. Martin Sheppard, Software Engineering Metrics, McGraw-Hill Book Company (UK) Limited, Shoppenhangers Road, Maidenhead, Berkshire, SL6 2QL. ISBN 0-07-707410-6 (UK). Contains 24 selected papers; 1992. Tel: +44 (0)698 23431/2 Fax: +44 (0)698 770224
18. Horst Zuse, Software Complexity: Measures and Methods, de Gruyer (200 Saw Mill River Road, Hawthorne, NY 10532 - 914/747-0110) 1991

Metrics for object-oriented systems

1. Morris Kenneth L. Metrics for Object-Oriented Software Development Environments (master's thesis). 1989, MIT.
2. Rocacher, Daniel: Metrics Definitions for Smalltalk. Project ESPRIT 1257, MUSE WP9A, 1988.
3. Rocacher, Daniel: Smalltalk Measure Analysis Manual. Project ESPRIT 1257, MUSE WP9A, 1989.
4. Lake, Al: A Software Complexity Metric for C++. Annual Oregon Workshop on Software Metrics, March 22-24, 1992, Silver Falls, Oregon, USA.
5. Bieman, J.M.: Deriving Measures of Software Reuse in Object Oriented Systems. Technical Report #CS91-112, July 1991, Colorado State Universty, Fort Collins/ Colorado, USA.

Object-Oriented Analysis and Design

1. Bertrand Meyer. Object-oriented software construction. Prentice-Hall, 1988 For the somewhat advanced - perhaps, with some programming maturity.
2. B. Henderson-Sellers. A book of object-oriented knowledge. Prentice-Hall, 1992. This has quite a few viewgraphs in it!
3. Grady Booch. Object-oriented design with applications. Addison-Wesley, 1991.
4. Ivar Jacobson Object-Oriented Software Engineering. Addison-Wesley, 1992. This book gives a complete look at Object-orientation from requirement-analysis to last phase in design and implementation.

Programming Style

1. N. Anand (1988) "Clarify Function!" ACM SigPLAN Notices, 23(6), 69-79. Advocates the use of mnemonic names for entities in a system. Rules are presented for naming procedures, variable, pointers, etc.
2. S. Henry (1988) "A Technique for Hiding Proprietary Details While Providing Sufficient Information for Researchers; or, do you Recognize this Well-known Algorithm?," Journal of Systems and Software, 8(1), 3-11. Suggests encryption of variable names as part of a technique for encoding algorithms, while still providing sufficient information to researchers.
3. R. Brooks (1980) "Studying Programmer Behavior Experimentally: The Problems of Proper Methodology," Communications of the ACM, 23(4), 207-213. Discusses issues and tradeoffs in proper control of experiments involving computer programmers.
4. E. Thomas & P. Oman "A Bibliography of Programming Style Literature," ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 25(2), Feb. 1990, pp. 7-16.

Real-Time Systems

1. Derek J. Hatley and Imtiaz A. Pirbhai. Strategies for Real-Time System Specification Dorset House, 1987
2. Paul Ward and Stephen Mellor. Structured Development for Real-Time Systems Yourdon Press, 1985
3. Bran Selic, Garth Gullekson and Paul Ward. Real-Time Object-Oriented Modeling, Wiley, 1994 (1-800-CALL-WILEY), ISBN 0471-59917-4. Supported by the ObjecTime CASE tool.

Requirements Analysis

Requirements Analysis - General

1. Special issue on requirements gathering, Communications of the ACM, Volume 38, #2, May 1995.
2. Al Davis, Software Requirements: Objects, Functions, & States. Prentice-Hall, 1993. A revision of #2 (below).
3. Al Davis, Software Requirements: Analysis and specification. Prentice/Hall, 1990. Has some treatment of all of the popular requirements analysis and specification methods including OOA, Structured Analysis, SREM, FSM, but not the "trendy" stuff (Information Engineering, JAD).
4. Donald C. Gause and Gerald M. Weinberg, Exploring Requirements: Quality before design. Dorset House Publishing, 353 West 12th Street, New York, NY 10014
5. Richard H. Thayer and Merlin Dorfman (editors), Software Requirements Engineering, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, 1990.

Collaborative Requirements Analysis

1. Palmer, J.D., Aiken, P. and Fields, N.A. "A Computer Supported Cooperative Work Environment for Requirements Engineering and Analysis", Proceedings of the Requirements Engineering and Analysis Workshop, Software Engineering Institute, March 12-14, 1991.
2. Palmer, J.D. and Aiken, P.H. "Utilizing Interactive Multimedia to Support Knowledge-based Development of Software Requirements", Proceedings of the 5th Annual RADC Knowledge-Based Software Assistant Conference, Syracuse, NY, September 24-28, 1990.
3. Marca, D. "Specifying Groupware Requirements From Direct Experience", Proc 6th International Workshop On Software Specification And Design, October 1991
4. Marca, D. "Augmenting SADT To Develop Computer-Supported Cooperative Work", Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering; May 1991
5. Marca, D. "Experiences in Building Meeting Support Software", Proceedings of the 1st Groupware Technology Workshop; August 1989
6. Marca, D. "Specifying Coordinators: Guidelines for Groupware Developers", Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Software Specification and Design; May 1989

Software Process

1. Watts S. Humphrey. Managing the Software Process. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, Massachusetts, 1989; Chapters 13--15, 18.
2. Watts S. Humphrey. A Discipline for Software Engineering. Addison Wesley, SEI Series in Software Engineering, 1995, ISBN 0-201-54610-8. Presents a method for applying project management techniques to personal methods of software engineering.
3. Bill Curtis, Marc I. Kellner and Jim Over. "Process Modeling," Communications of the ACM, Sept 92, Vol 35, No 9, 75-90.
4. Victor R. Basili. "Iterative Enhancement: A Practical Technique for Software Development". IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. v.~SE-1, n.~4, December 1975, pp.~390--396.
5. Victor R. Basili and H. Dieter Rombach. "The TAME Project: Towards Improvement-Oriented Software Environments", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, v. SE-14, n. 6, June 1988, pp.~758--773.
6. Victor R. Basili, "Software Development: A Paradigm for the Future", Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual International Computer Science and Applications Conference, Orlando, Florida, September 1989, pp.~471--485.
7. Barry W. Boehm. "A Spiral Model of Software Development and Enhancement", IEEE Computer, v.~21, n.~5, May 1988, pp.~61--72.
8. Frank DeRemer and Hans H. Kron. "Programming-in-the-Large Versus Programming-in-the-Small", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, v.~SE-2, n.~2, June 1976, pp.~80--86.
9. M. M. Lehman. "Process Models, Process Programs, Programming Support", Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Software Engineering, Monterey, CA, March 1987, pp.~14--16.
10. Leon Osterweil. "Software Processes are Software Too", Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Software Engineering, Monterey, CA, March 1987, pp.~2--13.
11. Winston W. Royce. "Managing the Development of Large Software Systems: Concepts and Techniques", 1970 WESCON Technical Papers, v.~14, Western Electronic Show and Convention, Los Angeles, Aug. 25-28, 1970; Los Angeles: WESCON, 1970, pp.~A/1-1 -- A/1-9; Reprinted in Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Software Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, ACM Press, 1989, pp.~328--338.
12. Peter H. Feiler and Watts S. Humphrey. "Software Process Development and Enactment: Concepts and Definitions", Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 1991.
13. Watts S. Humphrey. "Session Summary: Review of the State-of-the-Art", Proceedings of the Fifth International Software Process Workshop, Kennebunkport, Maine, USA, 10-13 October 1989, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, 1990.
14. Gail E. Kaiser. "Rule-Based Modeling of the Software Development Process", Proceedings of the 4th International Software Process Workshop, Moretonhampstead, Devon, UK, 11-13 May 1988, ACM Press, Baltimore, MD, 1989, pp.~84--86.
15. Takuya Katayama. "A Hierarchical and Functional Software Process Description and its Enaction", Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Software Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, ACM Press, 1989, pp.~343--352.
16. Marc I. Kellner and H. Dieter Rombach. "Comparisons of Software Process Descriptions", Proceedings of the Sixth International Software Process Workshop, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan, 29-31 October 1990, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1991.
17. Jayashree Ramanathan and Soumitra Sarkar. "Providing Customized Assistance for Software Lifecycle Approaches", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, v.~14, n.~6, June 1988, pp.~749--757.
18. H. Dieter Rombach. "An Experimental Process Modeling Language: Lessons Learned from Modeling a Maintenance Environment", Proceedings of the Conference on Software Maintenance - 1989, IEEE, October 16-19, 1989.
19. H. Dieter Rombach. "MVP--L: A Language for Process Modeling In--the--Large", University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies Technical Report UMIACS--TR--91--96, CS--TR--2709, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742.
20. Stanley M. Sutton, Jr. "APPL/A: A Prototpye Language for Software Process Programming", Department of Computer Science Report CU-CS-448-89, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 1989.

Software Testing

The original request that prompted the posting of this information asked for recent work, not buried in a Software Engineering tome.

1. Boris Beizer, Software Testing Techniques, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990 (2nd edition) ISBN 0-442-20672-0. 503 pages, $43. Has 37-page annotated bibliography of references.
2. Cheatham and Mellinger, Testing Object Oriented Software Systems, Proceedings of the 1990 ACM SCS Conference
3. William C. Hetzel, The Complete Guide to Software Testing, Second edition, QED Information Services INC, 1988. ISBN 0-89435-242-3
4. Testing Techniques Newsletter (see periodicals)

User Interfaces

This collection of recommended books for user interface developers is based on searches of The HCI Bibliography, a free-access online bibliography on Human-Computer Interaction. The bibliography contains the tables of contents of almost all of the books listed. See the files abooks.bib (authored books), ebooks.bib (edited books), and reports.bib (technical reports). About 10,000 bibliographic entries on books, conference proceedings, and journal articles can be accessed here, or email requests can be sent to: hcibib@cis.ohio-state.edu

Human-Computer Interaction -- General

1. Ronald M. Baecker & William A. S. Buxton (Editors). Readings in Human-Computer Interaction: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Los Altos, CA: Morgan-Kaufmann Publishers, 1987. ISBN 0-934613-24-9. This and the second edition are excellent collection of readings, integrated with clear and thought-provoking prose by the editors. This excellent introduction to the field is also a great value, making it the most used university text on HCI.
2. Ronald M. Baecker, Jonathan Grudin, William A. S. Buxton & Saul Greenberg (Editors). Readings in Human-Computer Interaction: Toward the Year 2000 (Second Edition). Los Altos, CA: Morgan-Kaufmann Publishers, 1994. ISBN 1-55860-246-1. This new version is very different from the first and should be considered a different snapshot of the field. An excellent introduction to the field.
3. Stuart K. Card, Thomas P. Moran & Allen Newell. The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1983. This classic defines the early theoretical basis for HCI. It is primarily for researchers.
4. Alan Dix, Janet Finlay, Gregory Abowd & Russell Beale. Human-Computer Interaction. Hillsdale, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1993. ISBN 0-13-458266-7 (hardback); 0-13-437211-5 (paperback) only outside USA. This is a broad introduction to HCI, including a clear statement of a user interface development process. It should be useful to researchers in training and practitioners.
5. Martin Helander (Editor). Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1988. ISBN 0-444-88673-7 (paper). This collection of survey papers contains excellent reference material for both researchers and practitioners. The softcover edition is reasonably affordable.
6. Jenny Preece, Yvonne Rogers, Helen Sharp, David Benyon, Simon Holland & Tom Carey. Human-Computer Interaction. Wokingham, UK: Addison Wesley, 1994. ISBN 0-201-62769-8. This is the latest general HCI textbook. It is the first one to contain all the pedagogical features (examples, exercises, etc.) to make it good for undergraduate and graduate level use.

User Interface Development -- General

1. Deborah Hix & H. Rex Hartson. Developing User Interfaces: Ensuring Usability Through Product and Process. New York, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1993. ISBN 0-471-57813-4. This book generated a lot of positive reviews when it came out.
2. Ben Shneiderman. Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction (Second Edition). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1992. ISBN 0-201-57286-9. This is the second edition of a very popular textbook. Although it is a survey of user interface development, it can also be used as a guide for practitioners.

User Interface Design -- Principles and Guidelines

1. C. Marlin "Lin" Brown. Human-Computer Interface Design Guidelines. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp., 1988. ISBN 0-89391-332-4. An good source of guidelines for graphical interfaces.
2. James D. Foley, Andries van Dam, Steven K. Feiner & John F. Hughes. Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice (2nd Edition). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1990. ISBN 0-201-12110-7. The second edition of this classic contains a few chapters on input and output devices and user interface architecture.
3. Brenda Laurel (Editor). The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1990. This is a popular collection of inspiring readings on design.
4. Clayton Lewis & John Rieman. Task-Centered User Interface Design: A Practical Introduction. Boulder, Colorado: University of Colorado, Boulder, 1993. ftp ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/cs/distribs/clewis/HCI-Design-Book This is the first shareware book on UI design.
5. Aaron Marcus. Graphic Design for Electronic Documents and User Interfaces. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. (ACM Press), 1992. ISBN 0-201-54363-9; ACM Order number 703900. This book contains many examples and includes a comparative study of graphical user interfaces on different platforms.
6. Deborah J. Mayhew. Principles and Guidelines in Software User Interface Design. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1992. ISBN 0-13-721929-6. This is an excellent practical guide for effective design.
7. Donald A. Norman. The Psychology of Everyday Things. New York: Basic Books, 1988. ISBN 0-465-06709-3. Also published as The Design of Everyday Things, 1990, Doubleday ISBN 0-385-26774-6 (paperback). This is a very popular book on good (and bad) design of the devices with which we interact on a daily basis, and as such it provides insights and inspiration about how to design usable software.
8. Donald A. Norman & Stephen W. Draper (Editors) User Centered System Design: New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1986. ISBN 0-89859-872-9 (paper). This is an early set of readings that defined the idea of designing systems for users first.
9. Sidney L. Smith & Jane N. Mosier. Guidelines for Designing User Interface Software. ESD-TR-86-278. Bedford, MA 01730: The MITRE Corporation, 1986. ftp archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/hci/Guidelines This set of guidelines is widely used in military systems, but is based on mid-80s technology with little on graphical user interfaces.
10. Bruce Tognazzini. Tog on Interface. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1992. ISBN 0-201-60842-1. A collection of inspiring columns by the user interface "evangelist" of the Apple Macintosh.
11. U.S. Department of Defense. Military Standard: Human Engineering Design Criteria for Military Systems, Equipment and Facilities. MIL-STD-1472D Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, March 14, 1989. Section 5.15 of this standard is largely drawn from the MITRE guidelines. Macintosh HyperCard stack available here.

User Interface Development - Software

1. Dan R. Olsen, Jr. User Interface Management Systems: Models and Algorithms. Mountain View, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1992. ISBN 1-55860-220-8. Len Bass & Joelle Coutaz. Developing Software for the User Interface. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1991. ISBN 0-201-51056-4.

User Interface Evaluation

1. Joseph S. Dumas & Janice C. Redish. A Practical Guide to Usability Testing. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing, 1993. ISBN 0-89391-991-8. This step-by-step guide provides checklists and offers insights for every stage of usability testing.
2. Jakob Nielsen. Usability Engineering. Boston, MA: Academic Press, 1993. ISBN 0-12-518405-0. This book immediately sold out when it was first published. It is an practical handbook for people who want to evaluate systems.
3. Jakob Nielsen & Robert L. Mack (Eds.) Usability Inspection Methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1994. ISBN 0-471-01877-5. This book contains chapters contributed by experts on usability inspections methods such as heuristic evaluation, cognitive walkthroughs, and others.
4. Randolph G. Bias & Deborah J. Mayhew (Eds.) Cost-Justifying Usability. Boston: Academic Press, 1994. ISBN 0-12-095810-4. This edited collection contains 14 chapters devoted to the demonstration of the importance of usability evaluation to the success of software development.
5. Michael E. Wiklund (Ed.) Usability in Practice: How Companies Develop User-Friendly Products. Boston: Academic Press, 1994. ISBN 0-12-751250-0. This collection of contributed chapters describes usability practices of 17 companies: American Airlines, Ameritech, Apple, Bellcore, Borland, Compaq, Digital, Dun & Bradstreet, Kodak, GE Information Services, GTE Labs, H-P, Lotus, Microsoft, Silicon Graphics, Thompson Consumer Electronics, and Ziff Desktop Information. It amounts to the broadest usability lab tour ever.

Styleguides for Specific Platforms

1. Apple Computer, Inc. Macintosh Human Interface Guidelines. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1992. ISBN 0-201-62216-5. There is an interactive animated companion CD-ROM to these Mac guidelines called "Making it Macintosh", Addison-Wesley, 1993. ISBN 0-201-62626-8.
2. Commodore-Amiga, Inc. Amiga User Interface Style Guide. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1991. ISBN 0-201-57757-7.
3. GO Corporation. PenPoint User Interface Design Reference. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1992. ISBN 0-201-60858-8.
4. Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Sunsoft Inc. & USL. Common Desktop Environment: Functional Specification (Preliminary Draft). X/Open Company Ltd., 1993. ISBN 1-85912-001-6. ftp XOPEN.CO.UK/pub/cdespec1/cde1_ps.Z
5. IBM. Object-Oriented Interface Design: IBM Common User Access Guidelines. Carmel, Indiana: Que, 1992. ISBN 1-56529-170-0.
6. James Martin, Kathleen Kavanagh Chapman & Joe Leben. Systems Application Architecture: Common User Access. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1991. ISBN 0-13-785023-9.
7. Microsoft Corporation. The GUI Guide: International Terminology for the Windows Interface. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press, 1993. ISBN 1-55615-538-7.
8. Microsoft Corporation. The Windows Interface: An Application Design Guide. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press, 1992. ISBN 1-55615-384-8.
9. Open Software Foundation. OSF/Motif Style Guide. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1993. ISBN 0-13-643123-2.
10. NeXT Computer, Inc. NeXTSTEP User Interface Guidelines (Release 3). Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1992. ISBN 0-201-63250-0.
11. Sun Microsystems, Inc. OPEN LOOK Graphical User Interface Application Style Guidelines. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-52364-7.
12. Sun Microsystems, Inc. OPEN LOOK Graphical User Interface Functional Specification. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-52365-5.

Human Factors and Ergonomics

1. Barry H. Kantowitz & Robert D. Sorkin. Human Factors: Understanding People-System Relationships. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1983. ISBN 0-471-09594-X.
2. Kenneth R. Boff & Janet E. Lincoln (Editors). Engineering Data Compendium: Human Perception and Performance. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio: Harry G. Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, 1988.
3. Ernest J. McCormick & M. S. Sanders. Human Factors in Engineering and Design. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1987. Perlman expects soon to review the new edition (7th?) dated 1993.
4. David Meister. Human Factors Evaluation and Testing. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1986.
5. Richard Rubinstein & Harry Hersh. The Human Factor: Designing Computer Systems for People. Maynard, MA: Digital Press, 1984. ISBN 0-932376-44-4.
6. Gavriel Salvendy (Editor). Handbook of Human Factors. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1987. ISBN 0-471-88015-9.